Severe Weather Response Plan

Winter weather poses a significant risk to exposed individuals, and weather warnings can help people prepare for dangerous weather.

Winter storms, blizzards, snowfall warnings, and snow squalls involve large amounts of falling or blowing snow, creating dangerous driving and walking conditions, reduce visibility, and can cause power outages.

Freezing rain is rain that freezes on impacts, and creates a thin layer of clear ice on the ground, making things slippery and dangerous! The cold rain can also soak through clothes, and make health problems like hypothermia more likely for people outside.

Extreme cold and wind chill are always dangerous, and create risks of hypothermia and frost bite. Wind chill can make the air feel even colder, and can quickly cause frost bite in any exposed skin.

Frostbite and hypothermia are known as cold illnesses, health problems caused by exposure to cold weather. Frostbite can cause permanent injury, and hypothermia can kill.

Learn how to identify and respond to these risks:

Frostbite

Warning signs:

• Most often affects fingers, toes, ears or nose
• Loss of Feeling or numbness
• Skin is hard or waxy to the touch
• White, grayish-yellow skin
• Blistering may occur after thawing

How to respond:

• Move to warm room
• Remove wet clothing
• Wrap in dry blankets
• Do not thaw skin if there is a risk of re-freezing
• Severe frostbite requires immediate medical attention, call 911

Hypothermia

Warning signs:

• Irrational behaviour
• Slowed heartrate
• Feeling cold
• Slurred speech
• Shivering
• Clumsiness
• If shivering stops, or the person starts feeling warm despite still cold, seek help immediately.

How to respond:

• Seek a warm space
• Wear warm, dry clothes
• If warm space is unavailable, call 911! Hypothermia can be a life threatening condition.

Prolonged periods of very high temperatures that may cause health issues. In Northern Ontario, a heat warning is issued when two (2) or more consecutive days of daytime maximum temperatures are expected to reach 29°C or warmer and nighttime minimum temperatures are expected to fall to 18°C or warmer; or when two (2) or more consecutive days of humidex values are expected to reach 36°C or higher.

Exposure to hot weather can cause serious or life-threatening health problems. People experiencing homelessness are especially at risk due to increased exposure as well as other challenges that can increase their risk (e.g. inadequate clothing, lack of shelter from the sun or malnutrition). In addition, COVID-19 restrictions mean that there are fewer locations open to the public to cool down and escape the elements. Health risks due to prolonged heat exposure include sunburns, heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

If you are taking medication or have a health condition, ask your doctor or pharmacist if it increases your health risk in the heat and follow their recommendations.

Sun burn

A sun burn is skin damage from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays.

Signs of sun burns include:

• Red or reddish skin that is hot to the touch or painful
• General fatigue and mild dizziness
• For severe burns, skin may blister, peel, swell and/or itch

How to respond:

• Prevent sunburns by wearing sunscreen and sun-protective clothing including a head covering and avoiding direct sunlight exposure for extended periods of time
• For pain relief, take cool baths or showers
• Apply soothing moisturizers that contain aloe vera
• Keep hydrated and drink extra water
• Protect sunburned skin with loose clothing when going outside to prevent further damage

Heat exhaustion

Heat exhaustion is caused by exposure to high temperatures as well as excessive loss of water and salt.

Signs of heat exhaustion:

• Cool, pale clammy skin
• Muscle cramps
• Dizziness, fainting, weakness, tiredness
• Nausea or vomiting
• Heavy sweating
• Headache
• Rapid breathing and heartbeat
• Extreme thirst
• Dark yellow urine colour and increased urination

How to respond:

• Move to a cool place (in the shade or inside an air conditioned building)
• Drink liquids (water is best)
• Take a cool shower or use cold compresses
• Rest
• Remove or loosen clothing as much as possible and apply cool, wet cloths or towels to the skin
• Monitor for worsening symptoms. If the person’s condition does not improve or if they refuse water, have a change in consciousness, or vomit, call 911!

Heat stroke

Heat stroke occurs when a person has a core body temperature above 40°C. Heat stroke is a medical emergency!

Signs of heat stroke:

• Red, hot, dry skin
• No sweating
• Dizziness and confusion
• Complete or partial loss of consciousness
• Headache
• Nausea
• Rapid pulse

How to respond:

• Call 911 immediately
• While waiting for help cool the person by:
  • Moving them to a cool place, if you can
  • Applying cold water to large areas of the skin
  • Fanning the person as much as possible
  • If the person is conscious, giving them small amounts of cool fluid

COVID-19 is a respiratory virus caused by a newly discovered (novel) coronavirus. The virus was first discovered at the end of 2019 and in March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic. The risk of COVID-19, like the cold and flu, increases in the winter months. Additionally, people experiencing homelessness or people that are under-housed are at a greater risk for COVID-19 as it may be challenging to isolate and respond.

Symptoms of COVID-19 include:

• A new or worsening cough
• Difficulty breathing
• Shortness of breath
• Difficulty swallowing
• Sore throat
• Runny nose / nasal congestion
• Chills
• Unexplained fatigue / muscle aches
• Headache
• Nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
• Loss or decrease of sense of taste or smell
• Pink eye (conjunctivitis)

If you think you have COVID-19 symptoms or have been in close contact with someone who has it, use this self-assessment to help determine if you need to seek further care.

Take the COVID-19 Self Assessment

Find the most recent information on COVID-19, including guidance on prevention, testing, and responding, on the Thunder Bay District Health Unit’s website.